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    LESSON - 1

    D02131 Puraporul Ilakkanam- General Introduction

        This lesson offers a brief introduction to
    Pura Porul Ilakkanam. Tamil grammar is broadly
    classified into 5 major divisions - ie the letter (sol),
    the word or ezhuthu , content or porul, prosody or
    yappu and figures of speech or ani. “Porul” is
    the content or the subject of any literary work.
    The ethics and codes governing the social and
    domestic life of the Tamils is largely the subject
    underlying ancient Tamil literature. Tamil grammarians
    devised     the     Porul Ilakkanam to codify the
    content of poetry.

        Porul Ilakkanam is classified into Aga Porul
    Ilakkanam and Pura Porul Ilakkanam. Aga Porul
    Ilakkanam relates to poems that speak of the
    intangibles of life such as human emotions, love,
    separation and marriage. It therefore reflects the
    ‘agam’ or the inner universe and codifies the
    behaviour and moral principles concerning love,
    courtship and marriage. Pura Porul Ilakkanam is
    based on poems that deal with ‘puram’ or the
    external world. It therefore lays down the
    codes of conduct pertaining to the various aspects
    of public life such as war, monarchy, virtue,
    valour, munificence etc.

        Similar to the way in which the inner universe
    is divided into 7 ‘tinais’ or modes, Tholkappiar,
    the ancient Tamil grammarian, also codified the
    behaviour pertaining to the external world into 7
    ‘tinais’- viz. ‘vetchi’, vanji’, ‘uzhinjai’,
    ‘ thumbai’,
    ‘vaagai’, ‘kanchi’ and ‘paadaan’. ‘Pannirupadalam’
    was the first grammar text to explain the
    various pura tinais. It was composed by the 12
    disciples of Agathiyar, including Tholkappiar.Only a
    few verses of this text are extant today.
    ‘Puraporul Venba Malai’ is another grammar
    text on‘puram’ written later by Iyyanaarithanaar.
    He is said to have lived between the 7th and
    the 12th century A.D.‘ Puaporul Venba Malai’
    was based on ‘Pannirupadalam’. As no other
    grammar text was written on the theme of
    ‘puram’ after ‘Puraporul Venba Malai’, it is
    considered to be the authoritative text on puraporul
    ilakkanam. ‘Puraporul Venba Malai’literally means a
    garland of verses on ‘pura tinai’ written in a meter
    called ‘venba’.

        Although Tholkappiar classified ‘puram’ or the
    " external universe into 7 ‘tinai’ or modes,
    Iyyanaarithanar who based his text on ‘Pannirupadalam
    ’,divided it into 12. They are ‘vetchi’ ,‘karanthai’,
    ‘vanji’, s‘kanchi’,    ‘nochi’,    ‘uzhinjai’, ‘thumbai’,
    ‘ vaagai’, ‘paadaan’, ‘pothuviyal’, ‘kaikilai’     and
    ‘perunthinai’. The forthcoming lessons offer a
    definition of each ‘tinai’ and examine     the
    various ‘thurais’ associated with them . ‘Tinai’
    signifies the conduct in domestic or public context
    as codified through literary conventions. ‘ Thurai’
    denotes the classifications or divisions within
    each ‘tinai’. The first 7 ‘tinais’ from ‘vetchi’ to
    ‘thumbai’ are called ‘pura tinais’, ‘vaagai’, ‘paadaan’
    and‘pothuviyal’ are called ‘purapuram’ and the last
    two- ‘kaikilai’ and ‘perunthinai’ are called ‘agapuram’.

        ‘Puraporul Venba Malai’ begins with invocatory
    verses seeking the blessings of Lord Vinayaga and
    Lord Shiva. Following this are 9 verses that
    define and explain the first 9 ‘tinais’.The 10th section
    is called ‘pothuviyal padalam’. It is divided into 3
    chapters namely ‘sirapir pothuviyal’, ‘kanchi
    pothuviyal’ and ‘ mullai pothuviyal’. The 11th and the
    12th sections deal with the last 2 ‘tinais’- ‘ kaikilai’
    and ‘perunthinai’. The book lists 341 ‘turais’. In the
    13th or the 14th A.D. Chamundi Deva Nayagar
    wrote the commentary for ‘Puraporul Venba
    Malai’.

புதுப்பிக்கபட்ட நாள் : 01-09-2016 05:04:15(இந்திய நேரம்)